
In this context, addresses can be considered to be unsigned integers. Other common data types are numbers,
characters, and logical data, and each of these is briefly described below. Some machines define specialized
data types or data structures. For example, machine operations may operate directly on a list or a string of
characters.
Addresses
Addresses are nothing but a form of data. Here some calculations must be performed on the operand
reference in an instruction, which is to determine the physical address of an instruction.
Numbers
All machine languages include numeric data types. Even in non-numeric data processing, numbers
are needed to act as counters, field widths, etc. An important difference between numbers used in
ordinary mathematics and numbers stored in a computer is that the latter is limited. Thus, the
programmer is faced with understanding the consequences of rounding, overflow and underflow.
Here are the three types of numerical data in computers, such as:
1. Integer or fixed point: Fixed point representation is used to store integers, the positive and
negative whole numbers (… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …). However, the programmer assigns a radix point
location to each number and tracks the radix point through every operation. High-level programs,
such as C and BASIC usually allocate 16 bits to store each integer. Each fixed point binary number
has three important parameters that describe it:
Whether the number is signed or unsigned,
The position of the radix point to the right side of the sign bit (for signed numbers), or the position of
the radix point to the most significant bit (for unsigned numbers).
And the number of fractional bits stored.
2. Floating point: A Floating Point number usually has a decimal point, which means 0, 3.14, 6.5,
and-125.5 are Floating Point
The term floating point is derived from the fact that there is no fixed number of digits before and
after the decimal point, which means the decimal point can float. There are also representations in
which the number of digits before and after the decimal point is set, called fixed-point
representations. In general, floating-point representations are slower and less accurate than fixed-
point representations, but they can handle a larger range of numbers.
3. Decimal number: The decimals are an extension of our number system. We also know that
decimals can be considered fractions with 10, 100, 1000, etc. The numbers expressed in the decimal
form are called decimal numbersor decimals. For example:1, 4.09, 13.83, etc. A decimal number has
two parts, and a dot separates these parts (.) called the decimal point.
Whole number part: The digits lying to the left of the decimal point form the whole number part.
The places begin with ones, tens, hundreds, thousands and so on.
Decimal part: The decimal point and the digits laying on the right of the decimal point form the
decimal part. The places begin with tenths, hundredths, thousandths and so on.
Characters
A common form of data is text or character strings. While textual data are most convenient for
humans. But computers work in binary. So, all characters, whether letters, punctuation or digits, are
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